Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• presence of undispersed aggregates and agglomerates. The SSA and light scattering properties of the five samples were examined. To allow for a broader correlation of size parameters with SSA and CIELAB coordinates, an additional set of laboratory samples with a wider range of particle sizes was prepared

• and evaluated (see Experimental section). The EM MinFeret and EM ECD values according to measurement method M2 are given in Table 4, together with the SSA, the calculated specific surface area (c-SSA), and the CIELAB L*, a*, and b* coordinates showing the light scattering properties of each sample

• particle size distribution from dynamic light scattering measurements [20] was adapted to the results from the electron microscopy measurements. The SSA of all five samples was calculated from the measured particle size distributions according to three different models, based on MinFeret, ECD, and using

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• laser-driven photothermal agent [25]. However, it is challenging to completely eradicate solid tumors using PTT alone because of light scattering and limited absorption in tumor tissues. For this purpose, various modifications have been employed for passive tumor targeting. PEGylation, which involves

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• cells. Hydrodynamic size and zeta potential Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential spectra were obtained for three replicates on a nanoPartical Horiba SZ-100 (Japan) with the scattering angle of 90° to determine the size distribution and stability of the nanoparticles. The DLS measurements

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of ZnO NPs (70 nm) on R. sativus grown in coir was evaluated. The application of 1,000 mg/L of ZnO NPs resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in soluble protein content, carbohydrates, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), chlorophyll b

• synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized via several techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, solid-UV–vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then the potential phytotoxicity of the synthesized ZnO NPs

• could be linked to the agglomeration of nanoparticles caused by the rapid addition rate of NaOH during the synthesis process, as evidenced by the presence of agglomerated particles visible in the SEM images [33]. Further, the light scattering technique results are biased toward the larger particles in

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• , and 21 days after preparation. Signs of instability such as creaming, sedimentation, and phase separation were recorded, as well as physical aspects such as color, transparency, and fluidity. Dynamic light scattering analysis The average hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index (PdI) of the NEs

• were evaluated over a period of 60 days using dynamic light scattering, and the zeta potential was determined via electrophoretic mobility in a Zetasizer 3000 HSA (Malvern Instruments) device, using a 10 mW HeNe laser operated at 633 nm with a detection angle of incidence of 173° at 25 °C. Data

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• lambda 25 UV–vis spectrometer was employed for UV–vis absorption measurement in the range of 200–800 nm. The morphology and shape of NPLs were studied using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (Supra 400VP, Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Dynamic light scattering experiments were carried out at

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Zetasizer Nano ZS from Malvern Panalytical (Malvern, UK). Measurements were performed while taking into account a refractive index of 1.73 − 0.02i for PDA (the imaginary part corresponds to the absorption coefficient) at a wavelength of 589 nm, that is

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• albumin proteins [30]. CUR showed strong binding affinity towards HSA, likely at the tryptophan residue, which is present in the hydrophobic cavities of HSA [23][31]. The final CUR-HSA-MPs are obtained after dissolution of the MnCO3 template with EDTA. Characterization of CUR-HSA-MPs Dynamic light

• scattering (DLS) (Figure 2B) shows that the hydrodynamic diameter of HSA-MPs ranged from 800 to 900 nm (888 ± 64 nm) with a PDI value of 0.30. These results are similar to those of CUR-HSA-MPs, which ranged from 900 to 1000 nm (983.57 ± 82 nm) in size with a PDI value of 0.31 (Supporting Information File 1

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• to the bandgap of ZnO (Eg = 3.2 eV). Especially, the CuO NPs/ZnO NRs sample exhibits absorption in the visible-light region. Decorating CuO NPs on ZnO NRs allows for more light scattering and absorption because the material’s surface and edges become rougher than the flat surface of pristine ZnO NRs

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• -to-scattering ratios of gold nanorods and gold nanoshells are high compared to that of gold nanoparticles and can be further increased by changing the dimensions or the cross-sectional areas [56][57]. Light scattering of nanomaterials should be minimum for an efficient photon-to-heat conversion. The

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• ) and a biphasic drug release profile with an initial burst release followed by a prolonged phase. The hydrodynamic average diameter and zeta potential of NLC obtained by dynamic light scattering were approximately 150 nm and −13 mV, respectively, while spherical and well-distributed nanoparticles were

• ] software showed a mean particle size of 150 ± 13 nm. Accordingly, the hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) was in the 100–200 nm range (≈150 nm), with a moderate distribution of sizes as indicated by a polydispersity index (PdI) of 0.204. The zeta potential

• unaltered during the storage period, and the zeta potential parameter started at −10 mV and ended up at −15 mV after six months. Dynamic light scattering analysis of the formulations revealed nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter in the 100−200 nm range (≈50 nm) starting at 146 nm and slightly

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• nanocomposite was then centrifuged and washed with distilled water. The purified nanocomposite was stored at 4 °C for further experiments. Characterizations of AgNPs@Lac/Alg nanocomposite The size distribution and stability of the nanocomposites were determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• carboxylic acid dispersions Color change In the presence of light, the majority of the nanoceria dispersions changed color from light yellow to colorless (attributed to Ce4+ reduction to Ce3+) [47]. Nanoceria stored in the dark did not change color and remained light yellow. Dynamic light scattering (DLS

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• illumination (Figure 6). Enhanced reflection at 30° detection and distal illumination (compared with proximal illumination) (Figure 6a,b) should be related to the tilt angle of the individual scales (Figure 3a). There is also relative strong light scattering on the thin scale surface structure (Figure 3c–e

• weakest at perpendicular illumination. In UV spectral range, the light scattering has no specific trends (corresponding to, e.g., Rayleigh scattering), though absorption by molecules with aromatic groups might modulate the reflection. There are no pigments in the white scales (Figure 5d), so interference

• under transparent cuticle and is independent on the diffuse angle. This structure shows internal arborisations with beads in an empty space, constituting a three-dimensional photonic solid responsible for light scattering. Metallic silver produces a bright, shining white caused by a variation of the

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• multilayer PPy nanosheets, and this results in internal light scattering between the layers (Figure 6d). These multilayer nanosheets promote a broadband and wide-angle light absorption across the entire solar spectrum, thus increasing the solar thermal conversion efficiency to 95.33%. Polyaniline

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• determination of particle potency (NAT per NP). Other multiexperiment options, though time-consuming, may allow for the proper level of NP characterization. For example, the use of multi-angle light scattering [63], gravimetric analysis, and particle counting, if used in a concerted approach, can provide size

• , specifically for dose/particle calculations. Lastly, a volume or mass distribution should be presented. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is often be used for the inspection of aqueous suspensions with results bedeviled by the normal constraints of DLS and ensemble detection [64]. Both disc centrifugation and

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• diameter dE = 50 ± 12 nm (estimated by cryo-TEM), whereas the diameter of the derived PLGA nanoparticles (dP) was 25 ± 7 nm as estimated from TEM [24], which gives a dP/dE ratio of 0.5. Higher dP/dE ratios were found by dynamic light scattering, especially at low polymer concentrations (note that the

• decreased with O/S ratio. The hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoemulsion droplets as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) was ca. 200 nm. It should be pointed out that ethyl acetate is a polar oil, and that the ethyl acetate/water interfacial tension is low (6.8 mN/m [41]). Usually, the excess

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• photocatalysts has no further effect on the degradation efficiency. More active sites are provided in the effluent solution with the addition of more photocatalysts to the treatment reactor, which favours the production of more photoinduced carriers. The turbidity of the solution as well as the light scattering

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• combination with NH3. The reaction kinetics were monitored via measuring the optical density (OD) with UV–vis spectroscopy and the conversion of substrate via gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Size and net surface charge distribution of the particles were determined with dynamic light

• scattering (DLS). The efficiency of the self-assembly was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–vis spectroscopy, and qualitative visual demonstration. Results and Discussion SiBP alone as catalyst Reaction kinetics were studied via OD measurements of the particles and GC analysis of

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• exponential function excluding the initial part influenced by light scattering, fluorescence, and the formation of singlet oxygen from excited states of CQDs. Singlet oxygen generation was investigated by UV–vis probe measurements of solutions of 1,3- diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) ethanol (20 µM) as well [52

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• , and composition via several techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflectance, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The effect of unsaturated oleic (OA) and

• diameter, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering (Malvern Zetasizer Nano S, Palaiseau, France) were used. Transmission electron microscopy observations were conducted using a JEOL JEM 2100 HR microscope (Croissy Sur Seine, France) equipped with a LaB6 source, and

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• crystalline improvement leads to less light scattering in the metal layer [29][30]. Moreover, laser annealing reduces the defects, including grain boundaries and impurities, reducing light scattering and photon–electron interactions [29][30][31]. The optical bandgap energy Eg of ITO/Mo thin film was studied

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• aqueous suspension. The mixture was vortexed for 30 s and further sonicated for 10 min to obtain AB-LNPs. Characterization of AB-LNPs The size distributions and zeta potentials were measured using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique on Malvern Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK). Ultraviolet

• monodispersity of Au-LNPs. Au-LNPs and AB-LNPs exhibited the Tyndall light-scattering effect, but free BDP did not show the Tyndall effect (Figure 1a), which further proving the successful formation of AB-LNPs. The optical spectra of AB-LNPs and free BDP are shown in Figure 1b. AB-LNPs showed no absorption peak

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• efficiently encapsulated in the NPs. In addition, SEM micrographs were interpreted to be in accordance with the mean particle size data measured with the dynamic light scattering. Determination of drug loading capacity The rate of drug encapsulation is one of the important characterization parameters that

• phase for the blank PLGA nanoparticles. In vitro characterization of the nanoparticles Mean particle size and surface charge Mean particle size (nm), PDI, and zeta potential (mV) of the NPs were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS; Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS series, UK) with a disposable